F40PH Diesel Locomotive

Prototype Information

The EMD F40PH debuted in 1976. Electro-Motive Division built it for Amtrak. It used a 3,000-horsepower 16-645E3 engine. The locomotive also provided head-end power (HEP) for passenger cars. Over 400 units were built for Amtrak, commuter lines, and Canadian railroads.

The F40PH became the standard for U.S. passenger trains. It ran for decades on long-distance and commuter routes. By the 1990s, new models began to replace it.

Amtrak started converting retired F40PHs into Non-Powered Control Units (NPCUs). These had their engines and traction motors removed. Engineers kept the cab controls for push-pull use. A baggage area was added, leading to the nickname “cabbage” (cab + baggage).

Between 1996 and 2007, Amtrak converted 22 units. Each got a new number starting with “90.” One unit, No. 406, was rebuilt in 2011 for Amtrak’s 40th anniversary. It kept its original body and gained HEP capability.

Many NPCUs still work today. They serve routes like the Downeaster and Pacific Surfliner.